Symbols are powerful conveyors of meaning, embodying philosophies and aspirations that define civilizations. In the case of the United States, symbols like the eagle, the all-seeing eye, and the flame of liberty are iconic representations of the nation’s ideals. Yet, their origins and philosophical underpinnings reveal deeper connections to Zoroastrianism, the ancient Persian religion founded by Zarathustra. This article explores how Zoroastrian symbols and their meanings influenced the American Revolution and the founding principles of the United States.
The Eagle: A Shared Emblem of Power and Divine Protection
The eagle, a dominant symbol in American heraldry, particularly on the Great Seal of the United States, is often associated with strength, vigilance, and freedom. However, its roots extend beyond Western traditions into ancient Persian culture.
- Zoroastrian Symbolism of the Eagle:
In Zoroastrian texts, the eagle represents divine protection, justice, and the guardianship of Ahura Mazda. Known as the “Simurgh” in Persian mythology, this majestic bird was believed to possess wisdom and the power to maintain cosmic order. - Connection to the Great Seal:
The American eagle clutching the olive branch and arrows mirrors the Zoroastrian duality of peace (Asha) and the preparedness for justice (Druj). The 13 stars above the eagle’s head, arranged in a radiant pattern, evoke the Zoroastrian reverence for light as a symbol of divine truth.
Evidence of Influence:
Benjamin Franklin, who contributed to the design of the Great Seal, was familiar with ancient symbols through his Masonic affiliations. The incorporation of the eagle reflects a universal archetype tied to Zoroastrian ideals of strength and moral order.
The Faravahar: The Blueprint for Human Aspiration
The Faravahar, one of Zoroastrianism’s most enduring symbols, represents the human spirit’s journey toward righteousness, truth, and divine connection. Its design is strikingly similar to the American focus on liberty, self-determination, and higher ideals.
- Key Elements of the Faravahar:
- Wings: The outstretched wings symbolize progress and striving for higher ideals, echoing the American dream of self-improvement and the pursuit of happiness.
- Circle in the Center: Represents eternity and the soul’s connection to the divine, akin to the Founders’ belief in natural law and universal principles of justice.
- Tail Feathers: Symbolize the rejection of evil and falsehood, a duality mirrored in the Revolution’s fight against tyranny.
- The Figure in the Center: Represents humanity, reinforcing the idea that individuals have the power to shape their destiny through moral action—a central tenet of both Zoroastrianism and the Enlightenment.
- Potential Link to American Iconography:
While not explicitly referenced in American designs, the Faravahar’s elements align philosophically with the symbols chosen for American emblems, particularly those emphasizing liberty and moral progress.
The Flame: A Symbol of Eternal Truth and Liberty
Zoroastrianism reveres fire as the eternal flame of truth and divine presence. This concept deeply influenced both Freemasonry and Enlightenment thought, where light and fire became metaphors for knowledge, liberty, and enlightenment.
- Statue of Liberty and the Sacred Fire:
The torch held by the Statue of Liberty represents the light of freedom and guidance. This imagery resonates with Zoroastrian fire temples (Atash Behrams), where the sacred flame symbolizes divine truth and the responsibility to uphold Asha (righteousness). - The Eternal Flame in Governance:
The concept of the “eternal flame” seen in monuments like the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier reflects a Zoroastrian ideal of perpetuating justice and truth across generations.
The All-Seeing Eye and Divine Oversight
The all-seeing eye, prominently featured on the reverse of the Great Seal and on U.S. currency, is often associated with Freemasonry. However, its origins can also be traced to Zoroastrianism’s emphasis on divine oversight and accountability.
- Ahura Mazda’s Watchful Eye:
In Zoroastrian theology, Ahura Mazda is omniscient, aware of every action and thought. This parallels the all-seeing eye’s role as a reminder of moral responsibility and justice. - The Eye in American Context:
Positioned above an unfinished pyramid, the eye signifies a work in progress—building a just and moral society, guided by divine principles. This reflects Zarathustra’s teaching that humans are co-creators of a better world through their actions.
The Duality of Light and Darkness in Revolutionary Ideals
Zoroastrianism’s foundational dualism—Asha (truth and order) versus Druj (falsehood and chaos)—resonates with the revolutionary struggle against tyranny. The Founders framed their fight as one of good versus evil, aligning with Zarathustra’s call to actively choose righteousness.
- The Liberty Bell’s Inscription:
“Proclaim Liberty Throughout All the Land unto All the Inhabitants Thereof” (Leviticus 25:10) echoes the Zoroastrian belief in spreading truth and justice as universal responsibilities.
Freemasonry: The Bridge Between Zoroastrianism and the Revolution
Freemasonry, a philosophical and fraternal organization deeply involved in the Revolution, borrowed heavily from ancient traditions, including Zoroastrianism.
- Mithraic Roots:
Freemasonry’s rituals and symbols, such as the compass, square, and emphasis on light, derive from the Mithraic Mysteries, a Roman cult rooted in Zoroastrian worship of Mithra.- The Masonic “Great Architect of the Universe” aligns with Ahura Mazda, the wise lord and creator in Zoroastrianism.
- Influence on Founding Fathers:
George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and Paul Revere were Freemasons, making it likely that Zoroastrian-inspired principles shaped their vision for governance.
America’s Zoroastrian Heritage
While Zoroastrianism may not be explicitly cited in America’s founding documents, its symbols and philosophies are deeply embedded in the nation’s identity. From the eagle and the all-seeing eye to the torch of liberty and the fight for justice, Zoroastrian ideals shaped the vision of the Founders and the values of the Republic.
By recognizing these hidden connections, we gain a fuller understanding of the diverse cultural and philosophical forces that shaped America. Just as the Zoroastrian flame burns as a symbol of eternal truth, so too does the spirit of liberty and justice that defines the United States.
Let us celebrate this shared heritage, honoring the ancient wisdom that continues to inspire the modern world.